This one chart pulls it all together quite well.

EMR means ElectroMagnetic Radiation, can be of any frequency.

It was originally meant to be a big wall poster,

so you might use a browser screen magnifier or glass to see it better.

 

WHAT IS FREQUENCY?

It is how often a given event (change from low to high and back, a cycle)

happens in 1 second, (also hour, day...etc).

For ElectroMagnetic (E-M) waves, we use the second as the base time.

For example, 29 MHz (10M HAM band) means the wave goes up and down 29 Million times per second.

Frequency and Wavelength are reciprocals.

1/F=W  1/W=F

 

Long ago, the unit of measurement was CPS (Cycles Per Second).

That changed in the 1960s, CPS was renamed Hertz (not the car company)

after Heinrich Hertz, an early pioneer in electronics.

He was the first scientist to prove the existence of E-M waves.

 

Many other E-M units of measurement are named after the scientist who discovered them.

Examples are the Volt, Amp, Farad, Henry and more.

 

Frequency also has some additional meanings.

Your body radiates several types of Frequency, beginning with the Infrared part of the spectrum.

Our eyes don't see infrared, thermal cameras do.

The heart and the brain also produce E-M waves at very low frequencies.

 

Then there's the energy field that surrounds us and animals.

The dominant frequency is constantly changing.

Some sensitive people "see" this as an aura in various colors related to frequency,

or a feeling of vibration.

 

In music, each note has a specific frequency.

Musicians from hundreds of years ago used A=432 Hz as the base tuning frequency.

Later on, that somehow got changed to A=440 Hz. All the other notes are ratios of 440 Hz.

 

FREQUENCY=0

DIRECT CURRENT

A frequency of 0 is Direct Current (DC).

Consider the lead acid battery in your car.

It is very old technology from the 1800s

and we are still using it because it can put out high current.

It has 6 series connected cells,

submerged in Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) 2 Volts each, 2X6=12 Volts.

The electro-chemical reaction inside the battery acts

like an electron pump when you use current from that battery,

such as lights, fans, etc

With no load, no current flowing, the battery self discharges, very slowly.

That is why some drivers use trickle chargers to counteract

self discharge on infrequently used vehicles.

The starter motor draws around a hundred Amps which is a lot of current.

That's why the wires from battery to starter are big and thick.

 

BATTERIES

A battery has 2 or more cells connected in series or parallel.

Fully charged or dead,  any battery still contains the same number of electrons.

Batteries don't create electrons, the chemical reaction inside just makes them move.

To charge a battery, you reverse the current, the same chemical reaction reverses.

Every charge discharge cycle reduces the capacity by a tiny amount,

this adds up over time. Some high quality Nickel-Metal Hydride (NIMH)

batteries can last 1000 cycles.

 

A typical car battery is 12.6 Volts, nominal. Give it 14 Volts to charge.

The electrons are on a one way street (wires).

 

Ancient cars used DC generators to charge the battery and power lights, fans, etc.

Most batteries act like a fuel tank that can change capacity with temperature.

As the temperature decreases, the tank shrinks, losing capacity,

a serious winter issue with electric cars.

 

Warmer temps mean increased capacity to a point.

A too hot (100 deg. F) battery loses efficiency and shortens lifespan.

Way too hot (130+ deg. F) and BOOM! is possible.

 

All types of batteries have self discharge. 

It is very slow chemical process, taking years to exhaust an unused  battery,

depending on the type of electro-chemistry in the cells.

Low temps slows the chemical reaction. I buy them in bulk and

keep them in the bottom drawer of my refrigerator.

 

For large batteries, using a battery maintainer, basically a trickle current 

charger that works well to prevent self discharge.

 

ALTERNATING CURRENT

Next, we have Alternating Current (AC).

Current that goes both ways.

The alternator in your car makes AC which goes to a rectifier that 

changes AC to DC to charge the battery and provide power for lights,

stereo system, fans and other car things that use power.

The frequency varies with engine rpm. Sometimes,

the alternator whine can be heard in a speaker.

Very ancient cars, from a century ago used generators that produced DC.

Alternators are way more efficient and reliable.

 

Power plants use massive alternators to produce high voltage

60 Hz AC that winds up in the outlets of your home or office.

These alternators spin at a precisely regulated

speed to produce the 60.00 Hz sine waves.

Many other countries use 50 Hz AC.

Because it is a very low frequency, 50/60 Hz AC is not very harmful.

However, if you live under a MegaVolt transmission line,

you might consider moving.

 

 

ELECTRIC CARS

If you own an electric car, while parked or driving,

you are sitting on top of a big battery, 500 to 1000 Volts.

Batteries are DC and by themselves harmless, because they emit no AC radiation.

However, the real danger is battery fires.

 

It's what happens to the DC from the battery that's concerning.

The motors driving the wheels use AC, so the DC from the battery pack

gets converted to AC by an inverter (opposite of a rectifier) to power the traction motors.

AC motors are generally more efficient than their DC cousins.

The AC is not 60 Hz, the motor controller varies the frequency

depending on the position of the no-gas pedal and motor load.

It is high frequency broadband AC and you are exposed to it.

The car generates a lot of RF noise, making radio reception noisy.

I haven't had the opportunity to take a EMF meter for a ride in an EV.

 

PARTICLE VS WAVE

The Particle Wave Duality:

E-M radiation (EMR) is both photons and waves! Not very intuitive, but very real.

Photons are massless, chargeless fundamental particles that can carry big E-M energy,

such as X/Gamma photons. Each photon is a quanta of energy.

 

QUANTUM

Quantum is the physics of the very smallest things we've found in nature.

Because of Quantum computers, it's become a popular term

and a subject with several differing theories behind it.

Typical for Physics these days, plenty of healthy disagreements.

We're still trying to figure out how gravity

fits into the Quantum theories and build a working fusion reactor.

 

Physics describes 4 different natural forces in the Universe.

Weak Nuclear force, Strong Nuclear force, ElectroMagnetism and Gravity.

The nuclear forces act on the scale of particles and atoms,

Electro-magnetism has a medium range and strength,

while Gravity is weak but reaches across the Universe.

 

The definition of Quantum is "a discrete quantity of energy, 

proportional in magnitude to the frequency of the radiation it represents."

The higher the frequency, the higher the energy per photon and shorter the wavelength.

Amplitude (intensity, luminosity, magnitude) is proportional to energy per photon.

 

WAVES

E-M waves are even more interesting, as they have both electric and magnetic parts,

two Sine waves 90 degrees apart, one vertical, the other horizontal

moving away from the source (antenna) at the speed of light.

It may seem that Electric and Magnetic fields are separate forces.

Modern Physics regards them as one force.

 

However, a permanent magnet produces a static field with both N and S poles.

So far, no one has found a magnetic monopole, a lonely  S or N pole.

 

Electric fields can have both + and - poles and unlike magnets,

it's easy to find lonely + or - charges.

 

Out in deep space, Electric and Magnetic fields exist that cause massive electron flows between planets and stars.

In theory, both Electric and Magnetic fields reach to infinity, but can only be detected at local distances.

Electric fields are not as strong as Magnetic fields, but have a greater reach across space.

Most planets and stars generate a Magnetic field, as well as an Electric field.

Special stars called magnetars produce the

strongest magnetic fields known to physics.

 

So there is a difference in the behavior of Electric and Magnetic forces. 

 

Electrons scooting down a wire (current) create a magnetic field around that wire.

Moving magnetic fields induce electron movement in any wire affected by the field.

 

The duality can be easily proven with simple equipment found in high school Physics labs.

The visible light part of the spectrum is about half and half particle and wave.

Lower frequencies are wave dominated, so we call it radio waves.

The particle component photon is hiding in there,

barely detectable using high tech lab gear.

 

PARTICLES

At the other end of the spectrum are UV, X-Rays and Gamma rays,

high energy photons that act like microscopic bullets.

Easily detectable using inexpensive instruments, such as Geiger counters.

The E-M Wave component is barely detectable, but it is there,

only to be found using expensive lab equipment.

 

IONIZING RADIATION

When these photons go through your body, they leave a nasty path of destruction in their wake.

These high energy photons strip electrons from atoms and molecules, hence the term Ionizing radiation.

When they hit the DNA in the nucleus of cells,

they cause mutations that can lead to cancer and other awful health issues.

 

Contrary to popular belief, frequencies lower than visible light, for example, cell phone, wi-fi, 5/6 G data, radio stations,

smart meters, microwave ovens are not ionizing. That doesn't mean exposure to those frequencies is always safe.

Some are safer than others. As a general rule, the higher the frequency, the more harmful.

 

On the surface of our planet, living things (us and everything else) are always exposed to radiation including the Gamma.

Some is from the Earth, some from the Sun, some from our technology and some from way out there in deep space.

It's quite a mixture and varies a lot depending on where you are.

Regardless of the radiation type, DISTANCE from the source is your best friend.

CHERNOBYL DISASTER

Our bodies are equipped to deal with low levels of X-Rays and Gamma Rays.

Some scientists believe this is beneficial.

Exposure to high levels do the damage way too quickly, overwhelming and killing the person.

For example, many brave men did what had to be done at the Chernobyl nuclear disaster.

Unfortunately, most didn't live very long.

In response to Chernobyl,  Bio Superfood was developed by Dr. Michael Kuriak and crew to

help those few who survived to live longer and today,

it's become a trusted and effective supplement.